Impact of Vanadium ions on the supercapacitive properties of SnO2 nanoparticles

Official URL: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2025.119415

Tin oxide SnO2, due to its high chemical stability and exceptional electrical properties, is a promising candidate for electrode materials in energy storage applications. In this study, a series of V-doped SnO2nanoparticles were synthesized and tested as electrode materials for supercapacitor applications. This study highlights the influence of dopant ions on the electrochemical properties of SnO2by varying the dopant V-ion concentrations (0, 0.3%, 0.5%, and 0.7%). Several advanced characterization methods were used to evidence the successful incorporation of the V ions in the SnO2lattice, such as X-ray diffraction, Raman Spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The presence of multivalent V ions in SnO2was also evidenced. The SEM/TEM images reveal a polyhedral morphology of the nanoparticles. The presence of oxygen vacancies and their evolution with the V doping degree were highlighted. Symmetric supercapacitor devices were assembled to evaluate the electrochemical response of the undoped and V-doped SnO2materials. The sample with 0.5% V-ions exhibits the highest specific capacitance value of 162.43 F/g at a 2 mV/s scan rate, an energy density of 22.59 Wh/kg, and a power density of 1626 W/kg. This suggests that adding V ions to SnO2, even in small amounts, improves the electrochemical performance of the material. The best performing sample shows excellent cyclic stability of about 99% retention after 2000 cycles. These electrochemical performances exceed those of most prior reported SnO2supercapacitors, sustaining the significant potential of V-doped SnO2nanoparticles for energy storage applications.