4D printing of smart, multi-functional, fiber reinforced composites

This thesis explores the use of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites (CFRCs) in additive manufacturing, focusing on their potential in advanced applications requiring high strength, reusability and responsiveness to external stimuli. The study addresses the challenges associated with the fabrication of CFRCs, specifically in relation to path planning during four-dimensional (4D) printing process. A continuous path planning algorithm is developed and applied to both hexagonal cellular and solid CFRC structures, optimizing fiber placement and ensuring efficient manufacturing. Several tests are conducted to evaluate the material properties, including energy absorption, shape recovery, shape fixity, reusability and electro-active responses. The results demonstrate that CFRCs exhibit improved performance in terms of mechanical strength, reusability, and 4D responsiveness, highlighting their suitability for use in advanced applications. The findings suggest that CFRCs offer significant potential for various industries, especially in scenarios requiring adaptability and multifunctionality. This research contributes to the growing knowledge on smart materials and 4D printing applications.