Preparation of bio-based EPDM rubber composites by utilizing date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Kernel as bio-based filler

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Official URL: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10904-023-02561-8

The use of bio-based filler materials in the rubber industry has attracted much attention recently. In particular, reducing the use of carbon black that harms the environment and affects workers’ health is the reason for this research. In this context, the waste date kernel (DK), which is a fruit that is produced and consumed quite a lot in Turkey and its nearby geographical area, was used in the rubber matrix (ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer, EPDM) by replacing carbon black in certain amounts. The rheological, mechanical, chemical, morphological and thermal properties of the prepared bio-based incorporated composite material have been characterized. It was concluded that DK particles substituted up to 15 phr instead of carbon black enhanced the vulcanization parameters (t90 and CRI values), mechanical (tensile strength and elastic modulus), gel content and thermal conditions of the composites. Consequently, the use of bio-based filler DK in the rubber industry is very important value gain in terms of sustainable environment and economic aspects, both in terms of utilizing a waste material and producing a similar or even better material because of its replacement with carbon black.