Censorship under allied occupation of İstanbul: The analysis of Tasvir-i Efkar Newspaper

Official URL: https://risc01.sabanciuniv.edu/record=b2453776 _(Table of contents)

This thesis aims to examine pre-print censorship in occupied Istanbul by analyzing the signs of censorship and the censored content in the Tasvîr-i Efkâr newspaper throughout the research period (November 1918-1922). Consisting of two main components, the first part approached the mechanism by questioning how was established, its workplace, who is involved, its guidelines, and alterations. The second component is an attempt to understand the censorship regime of the period with the analysis of Tasvîr-i Efkâr. Hence, it endeavors to evaluate the frequently seen censored content by analyzing them day-by-day and transforming its intensity into a systematical data. Thus, it attempted to demonstrate the observed restrictions not a constant policy against the Anatolian Movement, but a multi-component system having motivations, fluctuations in its intensity, alterations in the censored content, and the policies of governments. Therefore, the second chapter attempted to study the mechanism on the Istanbul press through two sub-sections; the censorship of the Ottoman government and the Interallied. The third chapter examines the newspaper in four-parts (1) the transition period, (2) the peak period of censorship, (3) of Congresses, and (4) the term between the Ali Rıza Paşa’s government and de jure occupation of Istanbul. Lastly, it questions why Tevhîd-i Efkâr was able to publish news about Anatolia enthusiastically despite the Interallied censorship and what were the censored contents between April 1921/August 1922. The three sub-chapters formed with the censorship peak points to seek the causes of censorship intensity, and the final writing examined how pre-print censorship was terminated