3D printed scaffold design for bone defects with improved mechanical and biological properties

Fallah, Ali and Altunbek, Mine and Bartolo, Paulo and Cooper, Glen and Weightman, Andrew and Blunn, Gordon and Koç, Bahattin (2022) 3D printed scaffold design for bone defects with improved mechanical and biological properties. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 134 . ISSN 1751-6161 (Print) 1878-0180 (Online)

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Abstract

Bone defect treatment is still a challenge in clinics, and synthetic bone scaffolds with adequate mechanical and biological properties are highly needed. Adequate waste and nutrient exchange of the implanted scaffold with the surrounded tissue is a major concern. Moreover, the risk of mechanical instability in the defect area during regular activity increases as the defect size increases. Thus, scaffolds with better mass transportation and mechanical properties are desired. This study introduces 3D printed polymeric scaffolds with a continuous pattern, ZigZag-Spiral pattern, for bone defects treatments. This pattern has a uniform distribution of pore size, which leads to uniform distribution of wall shear stress which is crucial for uniform differentiation of cells attached to the scaffolds. The mechanical, mass transportation, and biological properties of the 3D printed scaffolds are evaluated. The results show that the presented scaffolds have permeability similar to natural bone and, with the same porosity level, have higher mechanical properties than scaffolds with conventional lay-down patterns 0–90° and 0–45°. Finally, human mesenchymal stem cells are seeded on the scaffolds to determine the effects of geometrical microstructure on cell attachment and morphology. The results show that cells in scaffold with ZigZag-Spiral pattern infilled pores gradually, while the other patterns need more time to fill the pores. Considering mechanical, transportation, and biological properties of the considered patterns, scaffolds with ZigZag-Spiral patterns can mimic the properties of cancellous bones and be a better choice for treatments of bone defects.
Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: 3D bioprinting; Bone defects; Computational fluid dynamics simulation; Nonlinear finite element analysis; Permeability analysis
Divisions: Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences > Academic programs > Manufacturing Systems Eng.
Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences
Sabancı University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center
Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center
Depositing User: Ali Fallah
Date Deposited: 21 Sep 2022 15:26
Last Modified: 21 Sep 2022 15:26
URI: https://research.sabanciuniv.edu/id/eprint/44487

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