Parallel hybrid karting vehicle modelling and control

Abstract

Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) utilize energy both from internal combustion engine and an electric drive system. For an efficient energy management between two different power sources, an effective control strategy is needed. A governing algorithm is required which is developed and verified by using a lab scale plant model that is verified by sample plant simulations. An effective energy management can minimize fuel consumption and reduce emissions. The algorithm that is developed in this study consists of a finite state machine and a charge depleting control, which are mainly based on some rules and an optimal control strategy. The work involves integration of a secondary power source on an existing karting vehicle. The goal is to efficiently capture the released energy during the braking period and utilize this energy to supplement power need during acceleration. A full model of the system has been constructed using the commercially available code MATLAB/Simulink. In addition, an experimental test system has been constructed to validate modeling and simulation work. Two different power storage alternatives have been simulated and tested to determine most efficient and economically advantageous configuration. Lead acid batteries provided low cost and robustness at the expense of extra weight. Ultracapacitor storage elements have been also studied to determine level of system efficiency gains due to light weight and rapid charge/discharge characteristics at the expense of extra cost. Furthermore, their performances on different control algorithms are compared and discussed.