Representing action domains with numeric-valued fluents

We present a generalmethod to formalize action domains with numeric valued fluents whose values are incremented or decremented by executions of actions, and show how it can be applied to the action description language C+ and to the concurrent situation calculus. This method can handle nonserializable concurrent actions, as well as ramifications on numeric-valued fluents, which are described in terms of some new causal structures, called contribution rules.